(原创)Android智能指针

2018-01-06 0条评论 3,137次阅读 1人点赞

智能指针的目标

在使用指针的时候容易出现的问题不外乎下面几个。首先，指针在使用之前都必须初始化，这个还算容易解决，在创建指针变量的时候同步初始化就好了；第二个问题就是经常忘记delete，就我的经验来看，这个还是很容易忘记的，在一个大型程序中要是有那么几个地方忘记执行delete，长久来看系统内存肯定会被消耗完；第三个问题就是就算记得delete，但是也不是说delete就delete的，要是还有别的对象在引用这个对象，然后被delete了，那么在其他地方访问这个对象的时候程序肯定会奔溃的。

有了智能指针后，上面的问题就好办了，首先创建智能指针的时候也同时创建需要管理的对象，然后将需要管理的对象委托给智能指针来管理就好了。在智能指针内部管理着一个引用计数值，当有新的智能指针引用这个对象时，引用计数值加一，当本来引用该对象的智能指针指向其他对象时，那么引用计数值就减一，当引用计数值减为0的时候就智能指针会帮忙将对象delete，也就解决了忘记delete以及在错误时刻进行delete的困境了。这样上面出现的问题就都能很好的解决了。

轻量级指针

template <class T>
class LightRefBase
{
public:
    inline LightRefBase() : mCount(0) { }
    inline void incStrong(__attribute__((unused)) const void* id) const {
        android_atomic_inc(&mCount);
    }
    inline void decStrong(__attribute__((unused)) const void* id) const {
        if (android_atomic_dec(&mCount) == 1) {
            delete static_cast<const T*>(this);
        }
    }
    //! DEBUGGING ONLY: Get current strong ref count.
    inline int32_t getStrongCount() const {
        return mCount;
    }

    typedef LightRefBase<T> basetype;

protected:
    inline ~LightRefBase() { }

private:
    friend class ReferenceMover;
    inline static void renameRefs(size_t n, const ReferenceRenamer& renamer) { }
    inline static void renameRefId(T* ref,
            const void* old_id, const void* new_id) { }

private:
    mutable volatile int32_t mCount;
};

template <class T>

class LightRefBase

{

public:

inline LightRefBase() : mCount(0) { }

inline void incStrong(__attribute__((unused)) const void* id) const {

android_atomic_inc(&mCount);

}

inline void decStrong(__attribute__((unused)) const void* id) const {

if (android_atomic_dec(&mCount) == 1) {

delete static_cast<const T*>(this);

}

//! DEBUGGING ONLY: Get current strong ref count.

inline int32_t getStrongCount() const {

return mCount;

}

typedef LightRefBase<T> basetype;

protected:

inline ~LightRefBase() { }

private:

friend class ReferenceMover;

inline static void renameRefs(size_t n, const ReferenceRenamer& renamer) { }

inline static void renameRefId(T* ref,

const void* old_id, const void* new_id) { }

private:

mutable volatile int32_t mCount;

};

首先看一下轻量级指针，轻量级指针属于模板类，要想使用轻量级指针的功能只要在创建自身类的时候继承这个类就OK了，然后在这个类内部组织管理着一个引用计数值。这个值的功能和前面说的一样，起到控制对象生命周期的作用。incStrong和decStrong起到减少和增加引用计数值的功能。

因为LightRefBase内没有用来保存待委托对象的指针，所以LightRefBase不算是智能指针，大概算是指针的升级版本。以这个类作为基类的类还需要搭配真正的智能指针才能发挥作用。之后会介绍真正的智能指针sp和wp。

强指针

sp类

sp类相对简单，大家看一下代码的实现基本也能了解，下面会配合Refbase进行简单的分析。

template<typename T>
class sp {
public:
    inline sp() : m_ptr(0) { }

    sp(T* other);
    sp(const sp<T>& other);
    template<typename U> sp(U* other);
    template<typename U> sp(const sp<U>& other);

    ~sp();

    // Assignment

    sp& operator = (T* other);
    sp& operator = (const sp<T>& other);

    template<typename U> sp& operator = (const sp<U>& other);
    template<typename U> sp& operator = (U* other);

    //! Special optimization for use by ProcessState (and nobody else).
    void force_set(T* other);

    // Reset

    void clear();

    // Accessors

    inline  T&      operator* () const  { return *m_ptr; }
    inline  T*      operator-> () const { return m_ptr;  }
    inline  T*      get() const         { return m_ptr; }

    // Operators

    COMPARE(==)
    COMPARE(!=)
    COMPARE(>)
    COMPARE(<)
    COMPARE(<=)
    COMPARE(>=)

private:    
    template<typename Y> friend class sp;
    template<typename Y> friend class wp;
    void set_pointer(T* ptr);
    T* m_ptr;
};

template<typename T>

class sp {

public:

inline sp() : m_ptr(0) { }

sp(T* other);

sp(const sp<T>& other);

template<typename U> sp(U* other);

template<typename U> sp(const sp& other);

~sp();

// Assignment

sp& operator = (T* other);

sp& operator = (const sp<T>& other);

template<typename U> sp& operator = (const sp& other);

template<typename U> sp& operator = (U* other);

//! Special optimization for use by ProcessState (and nobody else).

void force_set(T* other);

// Reset

void clear();

// Accessors

inline T& operator* () const { return *m_ptr; }

inline T* operator-> () const { return m_ptr; }

inline T* get() const { return m_ptr; }

// Operators

COMPARE(==)

COMPARE(!=)

COMPARE(>)

COMPARE(<)

COMPARE(<=)

COMPARE(>=)

private:

template<typename Y> friend class sp;

template<typename Y> friend class wp;

void set_pointer(T* ptr);

T* m_ptr;

};

强指针使用的引用计数类是RefBase，它比LightRefBase复杂得多，所以后者才会被称为轻量级指针。下面看一下RefBase的代码：

class RefBase
{
public:
            void            incStrong(const void* id) const;
            void            decStrong(const void* id) const;
    
            void            forceIncStrong(const void* id) const;

            //! DEBUGGING ONLY: Get current strong ref count.
            int32_t         getStrongCount() const;

    class weakref_type
    {
    public:
        RefBase*            refBase() const;
        
        void                incWeak(const void* id);
        void                decWeak(const void* id);
        
        // acquires a strong reference if there is already one.
        bool                attemptIncStrong(const void* id);
        
        // acquires a weak reference if there is already one.
        // This is not always safe. see ProcessState.cpp and BpBinder.cpp
        // for proper use.
        bool                attemptIncWeak(const void* id);

        //! DEBUGGING ONLY: Get current weak ref count.
        int32_t             getWeakCount() const;

        //! DEBUGGING ONLY: Print references held on object.
        void                printRefs() const;

        //! DEBUGGING ONLY: Enable tracking for this object.
        // enable -- enable/disable tracking
        // retain -- when tracking is enable, if true, then we save a stack trace
        //           for each reference and dereference; when retain == false, we
        //           match up references and dereferences and keep only the 
        //           outstanding ones.
        
        void                trackMe(bool enable, bool retain);
    };
    
            weakref_type*   createWeak(const void* id) const;
            
            weakref_type*   getWeakRefs() const;

            //! DEBUGGING ONLY: Print references held on object.
    inline  void            printRefs() const { getWeakRefs()->printRefs(); }

            //! DEBUGGING ONLY: Enable tracking of object.
    inline  void            trackMe(bool enable, bool retain)
    { 
        getWeakRefs()->trackMe(enable, retain); 
    }

    typedef RefBase basetype;

protected:
                            RefBase();
    virtual                 ~RefBase();
    
    //! Flags for extendObjectLifetime()
    enum {
        OBJECT_LIFETIME_STRONG  = 0x0000,
        OBJECT_LIFETIME_WEAK    = 0x0001,
        OBJECT_LIFETIME_MASK    = 0x0001
    };
    
            void            extendObjectLifetime(int32_t mode);
            
    //! Flags for onIncStrongAttempted()
    enum {
        FIRST_INC_STRONG = 0x0001
    };
    
    virtual void            onFirstRef();
    virtual void            onLastStrongRef(const void* id);
    virtual bool            onIncStrongAttempted(uint32_t flags, const void* id);
    virtual void            onLastWeakRef(const void* id);

private:
    friend class weakref_type;
    class weakref_impl;
    
                            RefBase(const RefBase& o);
            RefBase&        operator=(const RefBase& o);

private:
    friend class ReferenceMover;

    static void renameRefs(size_t n, const ReferenceRenamer& renamer);

    static void renameRefId(weakref_type* ref,
            const void* old_id, const void* new_id);

    static void renameRefId(RefBase* ref,
            const void* old_id, const void* new_id);

        weakref_impl* const mRefs;
};

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class RefBase

{

public:

void incStrong(const void* id) const;

void decStrong(const void* id) const;

void forceIncStrong(const void* id) const;

//! DEBUGGING ONLY: Get current strong ref count.

int32_t getStrongCount() const;

class weakref_type

{

public:

RefBase* refBase() const;

void incWeak(const void* id);

void decWeak(const void* id);

// acquires a strong reference if there is already one.

bool attemptIncStrong(const void* id);

// acquires a weak reference if there is already one.

// This is not always safe. see ProcessState.cpp and BpBinder.cpp

// for proper use.

bool attemptIncWeak(const void* id);

//! DEBUGGING ONLY: Get current weak ref count.

int32_t getWeakCount() const;

//! DEBUGGING ONLY: Print references held on object.

void printRefs() const;

//! DEBUGGING ONLY: Enable tracking for this object.

// enable -- enable/disable tracking

// retain -- when tracking is enable, if true, then we save a stack trace

// for each reference and dereference; when retain == false, we

// match up references and dereferences and keep only the

// outstanding ones.

void trackMe(bool enable, bool retain);

};

weakref_type* createWeak(const void* id) const;

weakref_type* getWeakRefs() const;

//! DEBUGGING ONLY: Print references held on object.

inline void printRefs() const { getWeakRefs()->printRefs(); }

//! DEBUGGING ONLY: Enable tracking of object.

inline void trackMe(bool enable, bool retain)

{

getWeakRefs()->trackMe(enable, retain);

}

typedef RefBase basetype;

protected:

RefBase();

virtual ~RefBase();

//! Flags for extendObjectLifetime()

enum {

OBJECT_LIFETIME_STRONG = 0x0000,

OBJECT_LIFETIME_WEAK = 0x0001,

OBJECT_LIFETIME_MASK = 0x0001

};

void extendObjectLifetime(int32_t mode);

//! Flags for onIncStrongAttempted()

enum {

FIRST_INC_STRONG = 0x0001

};

virtual void onFirstRef();

virtual void onLastStrongRef(const void* id);

virtual bool onIncStrongAttempted(uint32_t flags, const void* id);

virtual void onLastWeakRef(const void* id);

private:

friend class weakref_type;

class weakref_impl;

RefBase(const RefBase& o);

RefBase& operator=(const RefBase& o);

private:

friend class ReferenceMover;

static void renameRefs(size_t n, const ReferenceRenamer& renamer);

static void renameRefId(weakref_type* ref,

const void* old_id, const void* new_id);

static void renameRefId(RefBase* ref,

const void* old_id, const void* new_id);

weakref_impl* const mRefs;

};

RefBase和LightRefBase一样提供了incStrong和decStrong成员函数来操作引用计数器；而RefBase和LightRefbase类最大的区别就是它不像LightRefBase那么简单，只提供一个引用计数器，而是提供了一个强引用计数器和一个弱引用计数器。这两种计数器的功能是由weakref_impl类的变量mRefs提供的。

weakref_impl类

RefBase类的成员变量mRefs的类型为weakref_impl指针，这个类的代码在RefBase.cpp文件内，里面的代码看似很复杂，其实细心了解下里面有一个DEBUG_REFS宏，这个宏里面的代码只有在Debug版本下才会去实现，否则为空，所以基本可以不用看。

class RefBase::weakref_impl : public RefBase::weakref_type
{
public:
    volatile int32_t    mStrong;
    volatile int32_t    mWeak;
    RefBase* const      mBase;
    volatile int32_t    mFlags;

#if !DEBUG_REFS

    weakref_impl(RefBase* base)
        : mStrong(INITIAL_STRONG_VALUE)
        , mWeak(0)
        , mBase(base)
        , mFlags(0)
    {
    }

    void addStrongRef(const void* /*id*/) { }
    void removeStrongRef(const void* /*id*/) { }
    void renameStrongRefId(const void* /*old_id*/, const void* /*new_id*/) { }
    void addWeakRef(const void* /*id*/) { }
    void removeWeakRef(const void* /*id*/) { }
    void renameWeakRefId(const void* /*old_id*/, const void* /*new_id*/) { }
    void printRefs() const { }
    void trackMe(bool, bool) { }

#else

    weakref_impl(RefBase* base)
        : mStrong(INITIAL_STRONG_VALUE)
        , mWeak(0)
        , mBase(base)
        , mFlags(0)
        , mStrongRefs(NULL)
        , mWeakRefs(NULL)
        , mTrackEnabled(!!DEBUG_REFS_ENABLED_BY_DEFAULT)
        , mRetain(false)
    {
    }
    
    ~weakref_impl()
    {
        bool dumpStack = false;
        if (!mRetain && mStrongRefs != NULL) {
            dumpStack = true;
            ALOGE("Strong references remain:");
            ref_entry* refs = mStrongRefs;
            while (refs) {
                char inc = refs->ref >= 0 ? '+' : '-';
                ALOGD("\t%c ID %p (ref %d):", inc, refs->id, refs->ref);
#if DEBUG_REFS_CALLSTACK_ENABLED
                refs->stack.log(LOG_TAG);
#endif
                refs = refs->next;
            }
        }

        if (!mRetain && mWeakRefs != NULL) {
            dumpStack = true;
            ALOGE("Weak references remain!");
            ref_entry* refs = mWeakRefs;
            while (refs) {
                char inc = refs->ref >= 0 ? '+' : '-';
                ALOGD("\t%c ID %p (ref %d):", inc, refs->id, refs->ref);
#if DEBUG_REFS_CALLSTACK_ENABLED
                refs->stack.log(LOG_TAG);
#endif
                refs = refs->next;
            }
        }
        if (dumpStack) {
            ALOGE("above errors at:");
            CallStack stack(LOG_TAG);
        }
    }

    void addStrongRef(const void* id) {
        //ALOGD_IF(mTrackEnabled,
        //        "addStrongRef: RefBase=%p, id=%p", mBase, id);
        addRef(&mStrongRefs, id, mStrong);
    }

    void removeStrongRef(const void* id) {
        //ALOGD_IF(mTrackEnabled,
        //        "removeStrongRef: RefBase=%p, id=%p", mBase, id);
        if (!mRetain) {
            removeRef(&mStrongRefs, id);
        } else {
            addRef(&mStrongRefs, id, -mStrong);
        }
    }

    ………..

    void addWeakRef(const void* id) {
        addRef(&mWeakRefs, id, mWeak);
    }

    void removeWeakRef(const void* id) {
        if (!mRetain) {
            removeRef(&mWeakRefs, id);
        } else {
            addRef(&mWeakRefs, id, -mWeak);
        }
    }

    ……………

private:
    struct ref_entry
    {
        ref_entry* next;
        const void* id;
#if DEBUG_REFS_CALLSTACK_ENABLED
        CallStack stack;
#endif
        int32_t ref;
    };

    void addRef(ref_entry** refs, const void* id, int32_t mRef)
    {
        if (mTrackEnabled) {
            AutoMutex _l(mMutex);

            ref_entry* ref = new ref_entry;
            // Reference count at the time of the snapshot, but before the
            // update.  Positive value means we increment, negative--we
            // decrement the reference count.
            ref->ref = mRef;
            ref->id = id;
#if DEBUG_REFS_CALLSTACK_ENABLED
            ref->stack.update(2);
#endif
            ref->next = *refs;
            *refs = ref;
        }
    }

    void removeRef(ref_entry** refs, const void* id)
    {
        if (mTrackEnabled) {
            AutoMutex _l(mMutex);
            
            ref_entry* const head = *refs;
            ref_entry* ref = head;
            while (ref != NULL) {
                if (ref->id == id) {
                    *refs = ref->next;
                    delete ref;
                    return;
                }
                refs = &ref->next;
                ref = *refs;
            }

            ALOGE("RefBase: removing id %p on RefBase %p"
                    "(weakref_type %p) that doesn't exist!",
                    id, mBase, this);

            ref = head;
            while (ref) {
                char inc = ref->ref >= 0 ? '+' : '-';
                ALOGD("\t%c ID %p (ref %d):", inc, ref->id, ref->ref);
                ref = ref->next;
            }

            CallStack stack(LOG_TAG);
        }
    }

    …..…..

    mutable Mutex mMutex;
    ref_entry* mStrongRefs;
    ref_entry* mWeakRefs;

    bool mTrackEnabled;
    // Collect stack traces on addref and removeref, instead of deleting the stack references
    // on removeref that match the address ones.
    bool mRetain;

#endif
};

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class RefBase::weakref_impl : public RefBase::weakref_type

{

public:

volatile int32_t mStrong;

volatile int32_t mWeak;

RefBase* const mBase;

volatile int32_t mFlags;

#if !DEBUG_REFS

weakref_impl(RefBase* base)

: mStrong(INITIAL_STRONG_VALUE)

, mWeak(0)

, mBase(base)

, mFlags(0)

{

}

void addStrongRef(const void* /*id*/) { }

void removeStrongRef(const void* /*id*/) { }

void renameStrongRefId(const void* /*old_id*/, const void* /*new_id*/) { }

void addWeakRef(const void* /*id*/) { }

void removeWeakRef(const void* /*id*/) { }

void renameWeakRefId(const void* /*old_id*/, const void* /*new_id*/) { }

void printRefs() const { }

void trackMe(bool, bool) { }

#else

weakref_impl(RefBase* base)

: mStrong(INITIAL_STRONG_VALUE)

, mWeak(0)

, mBase(base)

, mFlags(0)

, mStrongRefs(NULL)

, mWeakRefs(NULL)

, mTrackEnabled(!!DEBUG_REFS_ENABLED_BY_DEFAULT)

, mRetain(false)

{

}

~weakref_impl()

{

bool dumpStack = false;

if (!mRetain && mStrongRefs != NULL) {

dumpStack = true;

ALOGE("Strong references remain:");

ref_entry* refs = mStrongRefs;

while (refs) {

char inc = refs->ref >= 0 ? '+' : '-';

ALOGD("\t%c ID %p (ref %d):", inc, refs->id, refs->ref);

#if DEBUG_REFS_CALLSTACK_ENABLED

refs->stack.log(LOG_TAG);

#endif

refs = refs->next;

}

if (!mRetain && mWeakRefs != NULL) {

dumpStack = true;

ALOGE("Weak references remain!");

ref_entry* refs = mWeakRefs;

while (refs) {

char inc = refs->ref >= 0 ? '+' : '-';

ALOGD("\t%c ID %p (ref %d):", inc, refs->id, refs->ref);

#if DEBUG_REFS_CALLSTACK_ENABLED

refs->stack.log(LOG_TAG);

#endif

refs = refs->next;

}

if (dumpStack) {

ALOGE("above errors at:");

CallStack stack(LOG_TAG);

}

void addStrongRef(const void* id) {

//ALOGD_IF(mTrackEnabled,

// "addStrongRef: RefBase=%p, id=%p", mBase, id);

addRef(&mStrongRefs, id, mStrong);

}

void removeStrongRef(const void* id) {

//ALOGD_IF(mTrackEnabled,

// "removeStrongRef: RefBase=%p, id=%p", mBase, id);

if (!mRetain) {

removeRef(&mStrongRefs, id);

} else {

addRef(&mStrongRefs, id, -mStrong);

}

………..

void addWeakRef(const void* id) {

addRef(&mWeakRefs, id, mWeak);

}

void removeWeakRef(const void* id) {

if (!mRetain) {

removeRef(&mWeakRefs, id);

} else {

addRef(&mWeakRefs, id, -mWeak);

}

……………

private:

struct ref_entry

{

ref_entry* next;

const void* id;

#if DEBUG_REFS_CALLSTACK_ENABLED

CallStack stack;

#endif

int32_t ref;

};

void addRef(ref_entry** refs, const void* id, int32_t mRef)

{

if (mTrackEnabled) {

AutoMutex _l(mMutex);

ref_entry* ref = new ref_entry;

// Reference count at the time of the snapshot, but before the

// update. Positive value means we increment, negative--we

// decrement the reference count.

ref->ref = mRef;

ref->id = id;

#if DEBUG_REFS_CALLSTACK_ENABLED

ref->stack.update(2);

#endif

ref->next = *refs;

*refs = ref;

}

void removeRef(ref_entry** refs, const void* id)

{

if (mTrackEnabled) {

AutoMutex _l(mMutex);

ref_entry* const head = *refs;

ref_entry* ref = head;

while (ref != NULL) {

if (ref->id == id) {

*refs = ref->next;

delete ref;

return;

}

refs = &ref->next;

ref = *refs;

}

ALOGE("RefBase: removing id %p on RefBase %p"

"(weakref_type %p) that doesn't exist!",

id, mBase, this);

ref = head;

while (ref) {

char inc = ref->ref >= 0 ? '+' : '-';

ALOGD("\t%c ID %p (ref %d):", inc, ref->id, ref->ref);

ref = ref->next;

}

CallStack stack(LOG_TAG);

}

…..…..

mutable Mutex mMutex;

ref_entry* mStrongRefs;

ref_entry* mWeakRefs;

bool mTrackEnabled;

// Collect stack traces on addref and removeref, instead of deleting the stack references

// on removeref that match the address ones.

bool mRetain;

#endif

};

Weakref_impl类是weakref_base的子类，这个是接口与实现分离的思想。

RefBase的incStrong函数

template<typename T>
sp<T>::sp(T* other)
        : m_ptr(other) {
    if (other)
        other->incStrong(this);
}

template<typename T>
sp<T>::sp(const sp<T>& other)
        : m_ptr(other.m_ptr) {
    if (m_ptr)
        m_ptr->incStrong(this);
}

template<typename T>

sp<T>::sp(T* other)

: m_ptr(other) {

if (other)

other->incStrong(this);

}

template<typename T>

sp<T>::sp(const sp<T>& other)

: m_ptr(other.m_ptr) {

if (m_ptr)

m_ptr->incStrong(this);

}

这里的other就是实际的对象，这个对象可以是继承了LightRefBase的对象也可以是继承了RefBase的对象，因为这里主要分析RefBase对象，所以这里以及下面的内容都假设other对象是继承了RefBase的内容的，下面看RefBase的incStrong函数

void RefBase::incStrong(const void* id) const
{
    weakref_impl* const refs = mRefs;
    refs->incWeak(id);
    
    refs->addStrongRef(id);
    const int32_t c = android_atomic_inc(&refs->mStrong);
    ALOG_ASSERT(c > 0, "incStrong() called on %p after last strong ref", refs);
#if PRINT_REFS
    ALOGD("incStrong of %p from %p: cnt=%d\n", this, id, c);
#endif
    if (c != INITIAL_STRONG_VALUE)  {
        return;
    }

    android_atomic_add(-INITIAL_STRONG_VALUE, &refs->mStrong);
    refs->mBase->onFirstRef();
}

void RefBase::incStrong(const void* id) const

{

weakref_impl* const refs = mRefs;

refs->incWeak(id);

refs->addStrongRef(id);

const int32_t c = android_atomic_inc(&refs->mStrong);

ALOG_ASSERT(c > 0, "incStrong() called on %p after last strong ref", refs);

#if PRINT_REFS

ALOGD("incStrong of %p from %p: cnt=%d\n", this, id, c);

#endif

if (c != INITIAL_STRONG_VALUE) {

return;

}

android_atomic_add(-INITIAL_STRONG_VALUE, &refs->mStrong);

refs->mBase->onFirstRef();

}

其中mRefs实在RefBase的构造函数中创建的

RefBase::RefBase()
    : mRefs(new weakref_impl(this))
{
}

RefBase::RefBase()

: mRefs(new weakref_impl(this))

{

}

重新回到incStrong函数中，我们会发现这个函数中其实只是做了三件事情：

增加弱引用计数 refs->incWeak(id);
增加强引用计数 const int32_t c = android_atomic_inc(&refs->mStrong);
如果发现是第一次调用对象的incStrong，那么就会修正mStrong引用计数，然后调用这个对象的onFirstRef函数

android_atomic_add(-INITIAL_STRONG_VALUE, &refs->mStrong);
refs->mBase->onFirstRef()

1 2	android_atomic_add(-INITIAL_STRONG_VALUE, &refs->mStrong); refs->mBase->onFirstRef()

在调用weakref_impl的构造函数的时候会将mStrong的值初始化为INITIAL_STRONG_VALUE=1<<28；那么在执行加1操作后，mStrong就等于1<<28+1；返回的值c等于加1前的值，即1<<28；所以第一次调用incStrong后需要对mStrong的值进行修正，加上-INITIAL_STRONG_VALUE正好。

现在回头看增加弱引用计数的代码，通过调用weakref_impl的incWeak来对弱引用计数进行加1操作，而weakref_impl类的incWeak则是直接从父类weakref_base中继承来的。

void RefBase::weakref_type::incWeak(const void* id)
{
    weakref_impl* const impl = static_cast<weakref_impl*>(this);
    impl->addWeakRef(id);
    const int32_t c __unused = android_atomic_inc(&impl->mWeak);
    ALOG_ASSERT(c >= 0, "incWeak called on %p after last weak ref", this);
}

void RefBase::weakref_type::incWeak(const void* id)

{

weakref_impl* const impl = static_cast<weakref_impl*>(this);

impl->addWeakRef(id);

const int32_t c __unused = android_atomic_inc(&impl->mWeak);

ALOG_ASSERT(c >= 0, "incWeak called on %p after last weak ref", this);

}

上面代码增加弱引用计数主要是执行android_atomic_inc方法来完成的。

RefBase的decStrong函数

template<typename T>
sp<T>::~sp() {
    if (m_ptr)
        m_ptr->decStrong(this);
}

template<typename T>

sp<T>::~sp() {

if (m_ptr)

m_ptr->decStrong(this);

}

上面的代码调用RefBase类的decStrong函数

void RefBase::decStrong(const void* id) const
{
    weakref_impl* const refs = mRefs;
    refs->removeStrongRef(id);
    const int32_t c = android_atomic_dec(&refs->mStrong);
#if PRINT_REFS
    ALOGD("decStrong of %p from %p: cnt=%d\n", this, id, c);
#endif
    ALOG_ASSERT(c >= 1, "decStrong() called on %p too many times", refs);
    if (c == 1) {
        refs->mBase->onLastStrongRef(id);
        if ((refs->mFlags&OBJECT_LIFETIME_MASK) == OBJECT_LIFETIME_STRONG) {
            delete this;
        }
    }
    refs->decWeak(id);
}

void RefBase::decStrong(const void* id) const

{

weakref_impl* const refs = mRefs;

refs->removeStrongRef(id);

const int32_t c = android_atomic_dec(&refs->mStrong);

#if PRINT_REFS

ALOGD("decStrong of %p from %p: cnt=%d\n", this, id, c);

#endif

ALOG_ASSERT(c >= 1, "decStrong() called on %p too many times", refs);

if (c == 1) {

refs->mBase->onLastStrongRef(id);

if ((refs->mFlags&OBJECT_LIFETIME_MASK) == OBJECT_LIFETIME_STRONG) {

delete this;

}

refs->decWeak(id);

}

上面代码先将强引用计数减1，如果发现返回值为1的话，就代表调用此时强引用计数值已经为0了，那么就调用onLastStrongRef函数，这个函数在RefBase中的实现也是为空的，一般是留给子类来实现。然后判断mask是否为OBJECT_LISTTIME_STRONG，如果是，代表该对象的生命周期受强引用计数值控制，当这个对象的强引用计数值为0时，就将这个对象delete掉。

对弱引用计数值的操作则是调用decWeak.

void RefBase::weakref_type::decWeak(const void* id)
{
    weakref_impl* const impl = static_cast<weakref_impl*>(this);
    impl->removeWeakRef(id);
    const int32_t c = android_atomic_dec(&impl->mWeak);
    ALOG_ASSERT(c >= 1, "decWeak called on %p too many times", this);
    if (c != 1) return;

    // 如果对象受强引用控制
    if ((impl->mFlags&OBJECT_LIFETIME_WEAK) == OBJECT_LIFETIME_STRONG) {
        // This is the regular lifetime case. The object is destroyed
        // when the last strong reference goes away. Since weakref_impl
        // outlive the object, it is not destroyed in the dtor, and
        // we'll have to do it here.
        // 如果对象没有被强引用过
        if (impl->mStrong == INITIAL_STRONG_VALUE) {
            // Special case: we never had a strong reference, so we need to
            // destroy the object now.
            // 删除impl该对象
            delete impl->mBase;
        } else {
            // ALOGV("Freeing refs %p of old RefBase %p\n", this, impl->mBase);
            // 这种时对象被强引用过了，所以只需要直接删除impl即可
            delete impl;
        }
    } else {
        // less common case: lifetime is OBJECT_LIFETIME_{WEAK|FOREVER}
        impl->mBase->onLastWeakRef(id);
        if ((impl->mFlags&OBJECT_LIFETIME_MASK) == OBJECT_LIFETIME_WEAK) {
            // this is the OBJECT_LIFETIME_WEAK case. The last weak-reference
            // is gone, we can destroy the object.
            delete impl->mBase;
        }
    }
}

void RefBase::weakref_type::decWeak(const void* id)

{

weakref_impl* const impl = static_cast<weakref_impl*>(this);

impl->removeWeakRef(id);

const int32_t c = android_atomic_dec(&impl->mWeak);

ALOG_ASSERT(c >= 1, "decWeak called on %p too many times", this);

if (c != 1) return;

// 如果对象受强引用控制

if ((impl->mFlags&OBJECT_LIFETIME_WEAK) == OBJECT_LIFETIME_STRONG) {

// This is the regular lifetime case. The object is destroyed

// when the last strong reference goes away. Since weakref_impl

// outlive the object, it is not destroyed in the dtor, and

// we'll have to do it here.

// 如果对象没有被强引用过

if (impl->mStrong == INITIAL_STRONG_VALUE) {

// Special case: we never had a strong reference, so we need to

// destroy the object now.

// 删除impl该对象

delete impl->mBase;

} else {

// ALOGV("Freeing refs %p of old RefBase %p\n", this, impl->mBase);

// 这种时对象被强引用过了，所以只需要直接删除impl即可

delete impl;

}

} else {

// less common case: lifetime is OBJECT_LIFETIME_{WEAK|FOREVER}

impl->mBase->onLastWeakRef(id);

if ((impl->mFlags&OBJECT_LIFETIME_MASK) == OBJECT_LIFETIME_WEAK) {

// this is the OBJECT_LIFETIME_WEAK case. The last weak-reference

// is gone, we can destroy the object.

delete impl->mBase;

}

在这个函数中，当弱引用计数不为1则直接return，如果为1那么减1后就为0了，需要对对象进行delete操作。而弱引用计数为1又分为两种情况：

第一种情况为对象的生命周期只受强引用控制，而当强引用计数为初始值的时候，就要删除impl->mBase就是删除实际的对象。而RefBase被删除的时候就会调用析构函数，而在析构函数中决定是否需要将mRefs删除。

RefBase::~RefBase()
{
    if (mRefs->mStrong == INITIAL_STRONG_VALUE) {
        // we never acquired a strong (and/or weak) reference on this object.
        delete mRefs;
    } else {
        // life-time of this object is extended to WEAK or FOREVER, in
        // which case weakref_impl doesn't out-live the object and we
        // can free it now.
        if ((mRefs->mFlags & OBJECT_LIFETIME_MASK) != OBJECT_LIFETIME_STRONG) {
            // It's possible that the weak count is not 0 if the object
            // re-acquired a weak reference in its destructor
            if (mRefs->mWeak == 0) {
                delete mRefs;
            }
        }
    }
    // for debugging purposes, clear this.
    const_cast<weakref_impl*&>(mRefs) = NULL;
}

RefBase::~RefBase()

{

if (mRefs->mStrong == INITIAL_STRONG_VALUE) {

// we never acquired a strong (and/or weak) reference on this object.

delete mRefs;

} else {

// life-time of this object is extended to WEAK or FOREVER, in

// which case weakref_impl doesn't out-live the object and we

// can free it now.

if ((mRefs->mFlags & OBJECT_LIFETIME_MASK) != OBJECT_LIFETIME_STRONG) {

// It's possible that the weak count is not 0 if the object

// re-acquired a weak reference in its destructor

if (mRefs->mWeak == 0) {

delete mRefs;

}

// for debugging purposes, clear this.

const_cast<weakref_impl*&>(mRefs) = NULL;

}

当时如果强引用指数不为初始值的时候，就直接调用delete impl，那是因为在decStrong函数中就已经将实际的对象delete掉了。

第二种情况，当对象的生命周期不受强引用控制时，先调用onLastWeakRef函数，然后如果对象的生命周期时由弱引用控制，就直接删除RefBase对象，当然在RefBase的析构函数中也会删除mRefs对象。

弱指针

wp类

template <typename T>
class wp
{
public:
    typedef typename RefBase::weakref_type weakref_type;
    
    inline wp() : m_ptr(0) { }

    wp(T* other);
    wp(const wp<T>& other);
    wp(const sp<T>& other);
    template<typename U> wp(U* other);
    template<typename U> wp(const sp<U>& other);
    template<typename U> wp(const wp<U>& other);

    ~wp();
    
    // Assignment

    wp& operator = (T* other);
    wp& operator = (const wp<T>& other);
    wp& operator = (const sp<T>& other);
    
    template<typename U> wp& operator = (U* other);
    template<typename U> wp& operator = (const wp<U>& other);
    template<typename U> wp& operator = (const sp<U>& other);
    
    void set_object_and_refs(T* other, weakref_type* refs);

    // promotion to sp
    
    sp<T> promote() const;

    // Reset
    
    void clear();

    // Accessors
    
    inline  weakref_type* get_refs() const { return m_refs; }
    
    inline  T* unsafe_get() const { return m_ptr; }

    // Operators

    COMPARE_WEAK(==)
    COMPARE_WEAK(!=)
    COMPARE_WEAK(>)
    COMPARE_WEAK(<)
    COMPARE_WEAK(<=)
    COMPARE_WEAK(>=)

    inline bool operator == (const wp<T>& o) const {
        return (m_ptr == o.m_ptr) && (m_refs == o.m_refs);
    }
    template<typename U>
    inline bool operator == (const wp<U>& o) const {
        return m_ptr == o.m_ptr;
    }

    inline bool operator > (const wp<T>& o) const {
        return (m_ptr == o.m_ptr) ? (m_refs > o.m_refs) : (m_ptr > o.m_ptr);
    }
    template<typename U>
    inline bool operator > (const wp<U>& o) const {
        return (m_ptr == o.m_ptr) ? (m_refs > o.m_refs) : (m_ptr > o.m_ptr);
    }

    inline bool operator < (const wp<T>& o) const {
        return (m_ptr == o.m_ptr) ? (m_refs < o.m_refs) : (m_ptr < o.m_ptr);
    }
    template<typename U>
    inline bool operator < (const wp<U>& o) const {
        return (m_ptr == o.m_ptr) ? (m_refs < o.m_refs) : (m_ptr < o.m_ptr);
    }
                         inline bool operator != (const wp<T>& o) const { return m_refs != o.m_refs; }
    template<typename U> inline bool operator != (const wp<U>& o) const { return !operator == (o); }
                         inline bool operator <= (const wp<T>& o) const { return !operator > (o); }
    template<typename U> inline bool operator <= (const wp<U>& o) const { return !operator > (o); }
                         inline bool operator >= (const wp<T>& o) const { return !operator < (o); }
    template<typename U> inline bool operator >= (const wp<U>& o) const { return !operator < (o); }

private:
    template<typename Y> friend class sp;
    template<typename Y> friend class wp;

    T*              m_ptr;
    weakref_type*   m_refs;
};

template <typename T>

class wp

{

public:

typedef typename RefBase::weakref_type weakref_type;

inline wp() : m_ptr(0) { }

wp(T* other);

wp(const wp<T>& other);

wp(const sp<T>& other);

template<typename U> wp(U* other);

template<typename U> wp(const sp& other);

template<typename U> wp(const wp& other);

~wp();

// Assignment

wp& operator = (T* other);

wp& operator = (const wp<T>& other);

wp& operator = (const sp<T>& other);

template<typename U> wp& operator = (U* other);

template<typename U> wp& operator = (const wp& other);

template<typename U> wp& operator = (const sp& other);

void set_object_and_refs(T* other, weakref_type* refs);

// promotion to sp

sp<T> promote() const;

// Reset

void clear();

// Accessors

inline weakref_type* get_refs() const { return m_refs; }

inline T* unsafe_get() const { return m_ptr; }

// Operators

COMPARE_WEAK(==)

COMPARE_WEAK(!=)

COMPARE_WEAK(>)

COMPARE_WEAK(<)

COMPARE_WEAK(<=)

COMPARE_WEAK(>=)

inline bool operator == (const wp<T>& o) const {

return (m_ptr == o.m_ptr) && (m_refs == o.m_refs);

}

template<typename U>

inline bool operator == (const wp& o) const {

return m_ptr == o.m_ptr;

}

inline bool operator > (const wp<T>& o) const {

return (m_ptr == o.m_ptr) ? (m_refs > o.m_refs) : (m_ptr > o.m_ptr);

}

template<typename U>

inline bool operator > (const wp& o) const {

return (m_ptr == o.m_ptr) ? (m_refs > o.m_refs) : (m_ptr > o.m_ptr);

}

inline bool operator < (const wp<T>& o) const {

return (m_ptr == o.m_ptr) ? (m_refs < o.m_refs) : (m_ptr < o.m_ptr);

}

template<typename U>

inline bool operator < (const wp& o) const {

return (m_ptr == o.m_ptr) ? (m_refs < o.m_refs) : (m_ptr < o.m_ptr);

}

inline bool operator != (const wp<T>& o) const { return m_refs != o.m_refs; }

template<typename U> inline bool operator != (const wp& o) const { return !operator == (o); }

inline bool operator <= (const wp<T>& o) const { return !operator > (o); }

template<typename U> inline bool operator <= (const wp& o) const { return !operator > (o); }

inline bool operator >= (const wp<T>& o) const { return !operator < (o); }

template<typename U> inline bool operator >= (const wp& o) const { return !operator < (o); }

private:

template<typename Y> friend class sp;

template<typename Y> friend class wp;

T* m_ptr;

weakref_type* m_refs;

};

与强指针类相比，他们都有一个成员变量m_ptr指向目标对象，但是弱指针还有一个额外的成员变量m_refs，他的类型时weakref_type指针，下面我们分析弱指针的构造函数时再看看他是如何初始化的。这里我们需要关注的是构造函数和析构函数。

wp类的构造函数

先看看wp类的构造函数

template<typename T>
wp<T>::wp(T* other)
    : m_ptr(other)
{
    if (other) m_refs = other->createWeak(this);
}

template<typename T>

wp<T>::wp(T* other)

: m_ptr(other)

{

if (other) m_refs = other->createWeak(this);

}

这里调用RefBase的createWeak函数，返回值为m_refs。

在RefBase的createWeak函数中，直接调用weakref_impl的incWeak函数，这个函数之前分析过了就是增加弱引用计数的，同时返回mRefs给调用函数。

RefBase::weakref_type* RefBase::createWeak(const void* id) const
{
    mRefs->incWeak(id);
    return mRefs;
}

RefBase::weakref_type* RefBase::createWeak(const void* id) const

{

mRefs->incWeak(id);

return mRefs;

}

接下分析析构函数，这里直接调用weakref_impl的decWeak函数，前面分析过这个函数了。在这个函数里面弱引用次数减1，然后决定是否需要delete impl等。

template<typename T>
wp<T>::~wp()
{
    if (m_ptr) m_refs->decWeak(this);
}

template<typename T>

wp<T>::~wp()

{

if (m_ptr) m_refs->decWeak(this);

}

升级为强指针

分析到这里，弱指针还没有分析完成，这里面还有一个非常重要的特性还没有分析，那就是将弱指针升级为强指针的操作，是直接调用其中的promote函数

template<typename T>
sp<T> wp<T>::promote() const
{
    sp<T> result;
    if (m_ptr && m_refs->attemptIncStrong(&result)) {
        result.set_pointer(m_ptr);
    }
    return result;
}

template<typename T>

sp<T> wp<T>::promote() const

{

sp<T> result;

if (m_ptr && m_refs->attemptIncStrong(&result)) {

result.set_pointer(m_ptr);

}

return result;

}

Jimmy's Blog

Jimmy Chen

(原创)Android智能指针

智能指针的目标

轻量级指针

强指针

sp类

weakref_impl类

RefBase的incStrong函数

RefBase的decStrong函数

弱指针

wp类

wp类的构造函数

升级为强指针

赞过：

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本作品采用知识共享署名-相同方式共享 4.0 国际许可协议进行许可

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Jimmy Chen

智能指针的目标

轻量级指针

强指针

sp类

weakref_impl类

RefBase的incStrong函数

RefBase的decStrong函数

弱指针

wp类

wp类的构造函数

升级为强指针

赞过：

相关

本作品采用 知识共享署名-相同方式共享 4.0 国际许可协议 进行许可

发表回复 取消回复

本作品采用知识共享署名-相同方式共享 4.0 国际许可协议进行许可

发表回复取消回复